{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Problem 12.5" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**Fundamentals of Solar Cells and Photovoltaic Systems Engineering**\n", "\n", "**Solutions Manual - Chapter 12**\n", "\n", "**Problem 12.5**\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**The tabulated data provided in the online repository of this book includes hourly irradiance data for the different solar irradiance components measured in Madrid, Spain, on June 10 at a fixed plane at a tilt of 35⁰, which is very close to the optimum inclination (for maximum energy capture throughout the year) at such latitude.**\n", "\n", "**(a) For every hour, estimate the diffuse irradiance from the global and direct components and compare them to the experimentally measured diffuse irradiance. Calculate the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between both time series.**\n", "\n", "**(b) What are the typical instruments used to obtain such experimental data?**\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We will use the package [pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org/) to handle the data and [matplotlib.pyplot](https://matplotlib.org/stable/index.html) to plot the results." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import pandas as pd\n", "import numpy as np\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We start by importing the measured solar irradiance components." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "
\n", " | Gb(i) | \n", "
---|---|
time(UTC+1) | \n", "\n", " |
00:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
01:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
02:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
03:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
04:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
05:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
06:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
07:00 | \n", "5.90 | \n", "
08:00 | \n", "131.87 | \n", "
09:00 | \n", "291.56 | \n", "
10:00 | \n", "439.15 | \n", "
11:00 | \n", "569.09 | \n", "
12:00 | \n", "633.52 | \n", "
13:00 | \n", "653.63 | \n", "
14:00 | \n", "610.45 | \n", "
15:00 | \n", "533.22 | \n", "
16:00 | \n", "423.96 | \n", "
17:00 | \n", "286.50 | \n", "
18:00 | \n", "140.95 | \n", "
19:00 | \n", "21.13 | \n", "
20:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
21:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
22:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "
23:00 | \n", "0.00 | \n", "